Subsurface Characterization of the Merija Anticline’s Rooting Using Integrated Geophysical Techniques: Implications for Copper Exploration

Abstract

This study investigates the subsurface rooting of the Merija anticline in the Missour Basin, Morocco, with a focus on copper mineralization exploration. A sequential geophysical workflow was implemented, combining gravity surveys, electrical resistivity (ER), and induced polarization (IP) methods. The gravity data, acquired along spaced profiles extending from outcropping areas to Quaternary-covered zones, clearly delineated the structural continuity of the anticline beneath the cover. The application of trend filtering in covered areas allowed the removal of regional effects, successfully isolating residual anomalies associated with the buried continuation of the anticline. Interpolated Bouguer anomaly maps highlighted a major regional fault, interpreted as controlling the deep rooting of the anticline. A resistivity profile was then deployed perpendicular to this fault, providing detailed imaging of the anticline’s geometry and lithological contrasts. Complementary IP profiles conducted near the mine site targeted the detection of chargeability anomalies associated with copper mineralization dominated by malachite, confirming the electrical signature of copper mineralization, particularly within the sandstone and conglomerate formations of the Lower Cretaceous. To validate the geophysical interpretations, a drilling campaign was conducted, which confirmed the presence of the identified lithological units and the anticline rooting, as revealed by geophysical data. This approach provides a robust framework for copper exploration in the Merija area and can be adapted to similar geological contexts elsewhere.