Study of Serum Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 and Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein-3 Levels in Congenital Heart Disease

Abstract

IGFBP-3, are crucial mediators of childhood growth and development. Alterations in their serum levels have been implicated in congenital heart disease (CHD), especially in relation to chronic hypoxia and growth failure. Aim: To evaluate serum IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 levels in children with CHD, to compare variations between cyanotic and acyanotic subtypes, and to explore correlations with anthropometric and clinical parameters.