Study of phytochemical compound and antipyretic activity of <i>Chenopodium ambrosioides</i> L. fractions

Abstract

Abstract This study investigates the chemical composition and potential medicinal properties of different fractions of Chenopodium ambrosioides using mass spectrometry. C. ambrosioides , commonly known as epazote, has been traditionally used in folk medicine for its purported health benefits. However, there is a lack of comprehensive understanding regarding its bioactive compounds and their physiological effects. Our study aims to fill this gap by analyzing the chemical constituents of three fractions of C. ambrosioides – CHF, BF, and AF – and assessing their antioxidant and antipyretic properties. The results reveal a diverse array of bioactive compounds in each fraction, including protocatechuic acid, vanillin, syringaldehyde, flavonoids, and phenolic acids, which are known for their pharmacological activities. Notably, the CHF fraction exhibits compounds linked to antioxidant effects, suggesting potential therapeutic applications in managing oxidative stress-related disorders. Furthermore, the AF and BF fractions also contain compounds with antioxidant properties, emphasizing the plant’s potential health benefits. In addition to chemical analysis, the study evaluates the antipyretic activity of these fractions using a murine model. Significant reductions in rectal temperatures are observed in groups treated with FB and FA fractions, indicating a potential role in modulating body temperature. Conversely, moderate effects are noted in the FCH and ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) groups, suggesting a milder response within safe limits. These findings underscore the importance of further mechanistic studies to elucidate the precise mechanisms underlying the observed effects and ensure the safe utilization of C. ambrosioides fractions in medicinal applications. By bridging the gap between traditional knowledge and scientific evidence, this study contributes to advancing our understanding of the therapeutic potential of C. ambrosioides and lays the groundwork for future research in this field.