Spinal manipulation and mobilisation among infants, children, and adolescents: an international Delphi survey of expert physiotherapists

Abstract

Consensus revealed spinal manipulation <i>should not be performed</i> on infants regardless of condition, impairment, or spinal level. Additionally, the panel agreed that manipulation <i>may be recommended</i> only for adolescents to treat joint pain and joint hypomobility (limited to thoracic and/or lumbar levels). Spinal mobilisation <i>may be recommended</i> for joint hypomobility, joint pain, muscle/myofascial pain, and muscle/myofascial stiffness at all spinal levels among children and adolescents.