Sonographic Study of Adnexal Masses Using Gynecologic Imaging-Reporting and Data System (GI-RADS)

Abstract

Background and Objective: The Gynecology Reporting and Data System (GI-RADS) is a standardized framework designed to improve adnexal mass characterization and streamline clinician-radiologist communication. By utilizing morphological features and Doppler vascularity, GI-RADS reduce subjectivity in ultrasound interpretation. This study evaluated its diagnostic performance in predicting malignancy risk and providing clear clinical pathways for patient management. Methodology: A clinical study was conducted at Al-Auda Medical Center, Saudi Arabia, The study included 300 female patients (ages 17+) undergoing ultrasound evaluation for adnexal lesions. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. Results: The mean age was 35.7±10.3 years. Masses were most prevalent in premenopausal married women aged 26–45 (58%), with pelvic pain as the primary indicator (61.3%). Analysis showed 85% of masses had regular capsules and 93.7% were well-defined. Septation occurred in 13.3%, while posterior shadowing and vascularization were noted in 40.3% and 25.7%, respectively. A strong significant correlation (P=0.000) was found between GI-RADS grades and sonographic parameters. Simple ovarian cysts were the most frequent diagnosis (25%), while malignant outcomes were minimal (1.3%). Distribution showed GI-RADS 3 was most frequent (51.7%), followed by GI-RADS 2 (36.3%), GI-RADS 4 (8%), GI-RADS 5 (2%), and GI-RADS 1 (2%). Conclusion: GI-RADS is a reliable tool for preoperative assessment, effectively distinguishing benign (GI-RADS 2/3) from suspicious (GI-RADS 4/5) lesions. Implementing this standardized language enhances diagnostic accuracy and optimizes surgical management. The researcher recommends mandatory inclusion of GI-RADS scores in all pelvic ultrasound reports to guide clinical decision-making.