article · Resources
Morocco is carrying out an energy transition towards sustainable sources, driven by the need to curb greenhouse gas emissions, improve energy security, and expand access to power. Because the country lacks conventional fossil fuels, it historically experienced an energy dependence rate of roughly 90 per cent. Recent global disruptions from the pandemic and geopolitical crises, alongside growing domestic demand, have heightened the need for energy stability. Morocco has actively deployed solar, wind, and hydroelectric installations, taking advantage of its favourable climate conditions and positioning itself as a regional leader in renewable generation. The national strategy targets a 52 per cent share of renewable energy in installed capacity by 2030, with solar power remaining the central focus. International collaborations, such as the Erasmus Plus INNOMED initiative with European partners, support these ambitions through capacity building and regional networking.
High dependence on imported fossil fuels leaves national energy grids vulnerable to geopolitical instability and supply crises. Examining Morocco's rapid deployment of renewables offers valuable lessons on how resource-poor countries can leverage strong solar and wind endowments to decarbonise, enhance national security, and modernise power infrastructure.
This work is a strategic overview rather than a product development report, pointing to opportunities in utility-scale solar generation, network infrastructure, and capacity building. The intended users are energy planners, international development partners, and commercial solar project developers. Because the abstract details policy goals, regional networks, and targets for 2030, the underlying sector is actively in deployment, though specific proprietary technologies are not described.
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The world’s attention is currently focused on the energy transition to sustainable energy. The drive to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in order to limit global warming, energy security, and the generalization of access to energy have contributed to the adoption of the Moroccan Energy Strategy, with a strong focus on renewable energy (RE). Morocco is notoriously poor in conventional primary fossil energy resources, with energy dependence on the order of 90%. In addition, the energy crisis that resulted from the COVID-19 pandemic and geopolitical conflicts, compounded with steady increase in demand, has heavily affected the security and stability of the country’s energy situation. The transition to RE by strongly engaging in the implementation of several solar, wind, and hydro energy projects has made the country the leader in RE in Africa. These projects benefit from the country’s excellent solar and wind energy potential. As a consequence, by 2030, the share of RE in the installed capacity is expected to reach 52%. An overview of the current situation of RE (particularly solar energy) in Morocco is provided, including the potentials, obstacles, challenges, and future perspectives. Thanks to its high solar potential, it is predictable that Morocco’s effort will be focused on this field: the Erasmus plus INNOMED project is a virtuous example of international cooperation, aiming at promoting solar energy through capacity building and the creation of solar energy networks, in synergy with EU Partners.
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DOI: 10.3390/resources13100140
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