Smart Energy: Trends, Opportunities, and Challenges

Abstract

The energy production and consumption ecosystem is undergoing a profound transformation with the emergence of smart energy technologies. This survey examines the trends, opportunities, and challenges of promoting smart energy, with a comprehensive analysis of its evolution, current state, and prospects. This research employs a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative data analysis with qualitative insights from industry experts, policymakers, and academics. Through surveys and interviews, key themes and trends are identified, including the drivers of smart energy solution adoption, the opportunities they offer for sustainability, efficiency, and resilience, and the challenges hindering their widespread implementation. Findings reveal a notable shift toward decentralized energy systems, renewable energy integration, and the Digitalisation of energy infrastructure, driven by the need to mitigate climate change, ensure energy security, and capitalize on technological advancements. It also emphasizes the significance of ethical considerations and legal frameworks in shaping the future of technology-driven, sustainable, and efficient energy practices. These encompass cybersecurity vulnerabilities in interconnected systems, operational issues arising from the use of diverse technologies, regulatory complexities that hinder rapid adoption, and the need to address equity concerns in the energy transition. Hence, this survey study contributes towards understanding Smart Energy’s trajectory.