Smart, but Not Spontaneous? Exploring the satisfaction Gap and drivers in Smart Lighting in Student Housing in Ghana

Abstract

Smart lighting is emerging in student housing across Africa. This study assesses the drivers and satisfaction of smart lighting in university housing in Southern Ghana. The study used an embedded research method, including a survey of 334 student residents and interviews with 10 housing managers across five purpose-built student housing facilities at five selected public universities in Southern Ghana. The Relative Importance Index and thematic analysis were used as data analytical techniques. The findings reveal that accommodation needs primarily drove the adoption of smart lighting in student housing. The satisfaction levels of smart lighting were limited to lighting controls in lavatories, bedrooms, study areas, the kitchen, and common areas. However, dissatisfaction with lighting was associated with adjusting to the minimum light intensity and controlling artificial lighting. Technically, the limited influence of facilities management factors on smart lighting adoption poses a significant risk to energy sustainability if left unaddressed. Interviews reveal that students' lack of knowledge impacts their satisfaction with and usage of smart lighting systems. At a minimum, student housing managers and students would need education on smart lighting. Keywords: Energy sustainability, smart lighting, sustainable design, student housing, Technology Acceptance Model