article · Mathematics
A theoretical framework explores heat transfer in a ternary nanofluid comprising graphene, tungsten oxide, and zirconium oxide suspended in water. The model evaluates fluid properties such as thermal conductivity, specific heat capacity, viscosity, and density under the Cattaneo-Christov heat flow theory. The mathematical system incorporates thermal nonlinear radiation, velocity slip, and magnetic field influences. Using appropriate transformations, the governing partial differential equations are transformed into nonlinear ordinary differential equations and solved numerically using the BVP4c solver in MATLAB. Results indicate that heat transfer performance is enhanced in the ternary nanofluid phase relative to the dusty phase. Additionally, increasing both the magnetic parameter and the velocity slip parameter produces a decelerating effect on fluid velocity. The nanoparticle combination offers functional synergy relevant to thermal regulation and environmental mitigation.
Efficient heat transfer fluids are vital for managing temperatures in advanced machinery and industrial processes. By simulating how combining three distinct nanomaterials in water enhances thermal performance under magnetic and radiative conditions, this work provides mathematical insights into designing coolants that could also offer multifunctional benefits, such as air purification and the breakdown of toxic substances.
The research presents an early-stage theoretical model applicable to cooling devices, air purification, and toxic substance breakdown. Industrial engineers and thermal system designers could use these mathematical insights to formulate advanced coolants. However, because the study relies purely on numerical simulations without physical validation or prototype testing, the findings remain at a fundamental stage of research and distant from direct commercial implementation.
AI-generated from the published abstract. Always read the original work before citing.
The purpose of this work is to offer a unique theoretical ternary nanofluid (graphene/tungsten oxide/zirconium oxide) framework for better heat transfer. This model describes how to create better heat conduction than a hybrid nanofluid. Three different nanostructures with different chemical and physical bonds are suspended in water to create the ternary nanofluid (graphene/tungsten oxide/zirconium oxide). Toxic substances are broken down, the air is purified, and other devices are cooled thanks to the synergy of these nanoparticles. The properties of ternary nanofluids are discussed in this article, including their thermal conductivity, specific heat capacitance, viscosity, and density. In addition, heat transport phenomena are explained by the Cattaneo–Christov (CC) heat flow theory. In the modeling of the physical phenomena under investigation, the impacts of thermal nonlinear radiation and velocity slip are considered. By using the right transformations, flow-generating PDEs are converted into nonlinear ordinary differential equations. The parameters’ impacts on the velocity and temperature fields are analyzed in detail. The modeled problem is graphically handled in MATLAB using a numerical technique (BVP4c). Graphical representations of the important factors affecting temperature and velocity fields are illustrated through graphs. The findings disclose that the performance of ternary nanofluid phase heat transfer is improved compared to dusty phase performance. Furthermore, the magnetic parameter and the velocity slip parameter both experience a slowing-down effect of their respective velocities.
This page summarises published work. The authoritative version sits with the publisher.
DOI: 10.3390/math11030554
Is something wrong with this record? Report it or request removal.
Discussion
Have you built on this work, tried to replicate it, or seen it applied in practice? Share what you know. Verified researchers and MARATTO™ domain experts can open a discussion, and any member can reply. Contributions are reviewed before they appear.
No discussion yet. Open the first thread.
New to MARATTO™? Create a free account.
