article · Advanced Energy and Sustainability Research
Perovskite solar cells attract substantial interest due to low material costs, facile solution processing, tunable bandgaps, and promising power conversion efficiency. Formamidinium cation-based perovskites offer advantageous bandgap properties and superior thermal stability compared to traditional alternatives, making them strong candidates for charge carrier generation. However, an unfavourable phase transition from the alpha to delta polymorph at room temperature remains a significant obstacle to producing high-quality absorbers. Addressing this polymorphism involves various contemporary techniques, such as passivation strategies and novel fabrication methods. The morphology of the absorber directly governs charge-transfer behaviour and operational lifetime, highlighting the importance of defect reduction. Current developments encompass pure and mixed formamidinium perovskites formulated with different halides, extending to double, triple, and quadruple cation compositions to clarify device physics and advance solar cell performance.
Perovskite solar cells could provide cheaper, highly efficient solar energy, but instability issues impede their broader adoption. Overcoming material phase transitions and surface defects in formamidinium-based formulations helps create more stable, durable, and efficient solar technologies, supporting the ongoing global transition towards affordable and clean renewable electricity generation.
This work is relevant to solar cell manufacturers and materials developers seeking more stable and efficient photovoltaic components. Because the review examines compositional engineering, passivation techniques, and fabrication methods at the device physics level, the technology represents early-stage to laboratory-tested research that requires further scaling and durability verification before reaching industrial deployment.
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Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have gained tremendous research interest recently owing to several advantages, including low material cost, facile solution processability, bandgap tunability, and alluring device efficiency. The organic formamidinium (FA) cation‐based perovskites are mainly considered as one of the potential candidates for charge carrier generation due to their excellent properties, such as bandgap and thermal stability than traditional perovskites. However, the inevitable unfavorable polymorphism (i.e., α to δ ) at room temperature still forms the basis for numerous research works to allow the fabrication of a high‐quality absorber and enhances the PSCs performance. The studies to resolve the polymorphism and several contemporary techniques (e.g., passivation strategy) with several recent novel fabrication methods presented in this review form the essence of the improvements in PSCs. The absorber morphology also influences the charge‐transfer behavior and the device's lifetime. Therefore, understanding these properties is essential to improve the absorber quality and avoid many defects. This review focuses on the structure and properties of pure and mixed FA perovskites with various halides, mainly the FA cation's role in the absorber composition. And a comprehensive overview of recent FA cation‐based double, triple, and quadrupole PSCs results with proper scientific explanations to understand the device physics.
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DOI: 10.1002/aesr.202400003
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