Seroprevalence and Predictors of Hepatitis B and C Virus Infections Among Patients with Chronic Liver Diseases in Dodoma Region, Tanzania: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Background: The known major causes of chronic liver diseases (CLDs) include, hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV); however, there is scarcity of data regarding their seroprevalence in Tanzania. We aimed to evaluate the seroprevalence of HBsAg and anti-HCV and their predictors among patients with CLDs. Additionally, we also described the clinical patterns of the patients. Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study design was carried at the two referral public hospitals in Dodoma region; Dodoma referral regional hospital (DRRH) and Benjamin Mkapa hospital (BMH) among 118 patients with CLDs. Rapid test immunochromatography was used to test for HBsAg whereas anti-HCV antibody positivity was tested using lateral flow chromatographic immunoassay. Multivariable binary logistic regression was used to evaluate the predictors of HbsAg positive results, and statistical significance was set at p˂0.05. Results: The seroprevalence of HBsAg and anti-HCV antibody was 28% (33/118) and 3.4% (4/118), respectively. Having a chronic illness (AOR = 2.3, 95% CI = 1.76-7.19, p = 0.041), raised level of alanine transaminase (ALT) (AOR = 3.6, 95% CI = 1.74-8.21, p = 0.025), increased AST/ALT ratio (AOR = 2.9, 95% CI = 2.57-11.57, p = 0.039), and increased level of total bilirubin (AOR = 5.1, 95% CI = 1.09-24.39, p = 0.039) remained the predictors of HBsAg positivity. Conclusion: This study reports that almost one-third of the study subjects had positive HbsAg, and the positivity of anti-HCV antibody was quite low. The positivity of HbsAg was associated with having chronic illness, increased levels of ALT, total bilirubin, and AST/ALT ratio. Therefore, emphasis should be made to maximize the screening practices for individuals with such predictors due to high possibility of being infected with HBV.