Seroprevalence and Determinants of Hepatitis B and C Virus Infections among Women of Reproductive Age Attending Antenatal Care in Lokuwa Primary Health Facility, Mubi

Abstract

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections are major public health concerns among women of reproductive age due to the risk of vertical transmission and pregnancy complications. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 150 women of reproductive age attending antenatal care at Lokuwa Primary Health Facility, Mubi. Demographic data and potential risk factors were collected using structured questionnaires. Blood samples were screened for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and anti-HCV antibodies using rapid diagnostic test kits, and associations were statistically analyzed. The seroprevalence of HBsAg was 14.7% (22/150), while anti-HCV antibodies were not detected (0.0%). Higher HBsAg positivity was observed among women aged 23–27 years, those with secondary education, unemployed participants, and women with gravidity ≥3. Seropositive cases occurred among both Christians and Muslims. Although HBV infection was noted among participants with a history of blood transfusion and hospital admission, no significant associations were found between HBsAg seropositivity and any demographic, clinical, or behavioral risk factors (p > 0.05). HBV infection remains moderately prevalent among women attending antenatal care in Lokuwa, whereas HCV infection was absent. Routine antenatal screening and strengthened preventive strategies are essential to reduce HBV transmission in this population.