Self management strategies for hypertensive patients on treatment in selected clinics at Ga-Dikgale, Capricorn District, Limpopo, South Africa

Abstract

Background: Hypertension remains a major global public health challenge, with high levels of undiagnosed and poorly controlled disease contributing substantially to morbidity and mortality. Effective self management is critical for achieving optimal blood pressure control, particularly in resource constrained settings where healthcare access and continuity of care may be limited. Objective: To explore self management strategies among hypertensive patients receiving treatment at primary healthcare clinics in Ga-Dikgale, Capricorn District, Limpopo Province, South Africa. Methods: A qualitative, exploratory, descriptive, and contextual research design was employed. Data were collected through in-depth individual interviews with hypertensive patients and analyzed using Tesch's open coding method of thematic analysis. Results: Four themes emerged: (1) hypertension self management practices; (2) knowledge and understanding of hypertension management; (3) challenges affecting treatment adherence and blood pressure control; and (4) support systems for self-management. The findings revealed gaps between patients' knowledge and the implementation of recommended self-management behaviors, inconsistent medication adherence, reliance on both biomedical and traditional health practices, and the important influence of family support and healthcare system factors on hypertension management. Conclusion: Hypertension self management is shaped by complex interactions between individual behaviors, social support networks, and healthcare system factors. Strengthening patient centered education, ensuring consistent availability of antihypertensive medication, and enhancing family and community based support are essential strategies for improving hypertension control in rural primary healthcare settings.