Self-Healing Polymer Composites from Waxy Maize Starch: Mechanisms and Sustainable Applications

Abstract

Herein, we reviewed a highly branched, amylopectin-rich biopolymer, waxy maize starch (WMS), which promises to be a good matrix for durable self-healing polymer composites. Brittle petroleum-based polymers and native starch films lack barrier properties and self-healing. Sustainable alternatives are needed. In its high amylopectin concentration and unusual branching structure, waxy maize starch (WMS) may be a renewable resource for self-healing polymer composites. This article discusses WMS-based self-healing composite material design, healing processes, and sustainable applications. Advanced technologies include enzymatic branching, dynamic borate ester bonding, nanocrystal reinforcement, and microcapsule-assisted healing have enhanced mechanical strength, healing efficiency, and functional performance. Various reviews reveal that WMS composites can recover over 58% of their mechanical integrity after damage, indicating its practicality. These findings demonstrate WMS as a scalable, renewable platform for next-generation green materials and suggest self-healing biopolymer research. This review examines waxy maize starch-based polymer composite design, self-healing, and sustainable applications.