Security in the IoT: State-of-the-Art, Issues, Solutions, and Challenges

Abstract

Now-a-days, the Internet of Things (IoT) has enormous potential and growth impact due to the technological revolution and the spread and appearance of events. It has received considerable attention from researchers and is considered the future of the Internet; however, according to Cisco Inc. reports, the IoT will be crucial in transforming our standards of living, as well as our corporate and commercial models. By 2023, the number of devices connected to IP networks will reach more than three times the population of the entire world. In addition, there will be 5.3 billion Internet users worldwide, representing 66% of the world's population, up from 3.9 billion in 2018. IoT enables billions of devices and services to connect to each other and exchange information; however, most of these IoT devices can be easily compromised and are subject to various security attacks. In this article, we present and discuss the main IoT security issues, categorizing them according to the IoT layer architecture and the protocols used for networking. In the following, we describe the security requirements as well as the current attacks and methods with adequate solutions and architecture for avoiding these issues and security breaches.