Seawater as an Alternative Source for Hydrogen Production

Abstract

Global warming generated by climatic changes has led to irregular and heavy rainfalls in some regions, destructive floods and water scarcity. Multiple actions are engaged to reduce the impact of these phenomena, mainly by using renewable energy sources and the development of green methods to produce strategic compounds. Hydrogen is among the most useful compounds in the industry. Hydrogen is produced by electrolysis, which consists of splitting water molecules to generate hydrogen and oxygen. This process uses fossil fuels as a source of energy, which is controversial due to greenhouse gas emissions. Decarbonizing processes such as industry, transportation, and power generation require a lot of effort, mainly to explore the potential of green hydrogen as an alternative and sustainable energy source. Green hydrogen is environmentally friendly. To avoid the potential impact of hydrogen production on water resources and the environment, the tendency is to use seawater as a sustainable resource. This orientation is highly encouraged with renewable energy sources (RES). Thus, the benefits of producing green hydrogen from water desalination. This chapter provides a general description of hydrogen production from water by electrolysis. The focus is on seawater electrolysis as a promising clean process for hydrogen production.