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<title>Abstract</title> Background Malaria and schistosomiasis are important parasitic diseases. Coinfections of these have been reported in areas endemic to both parasites. The aim of this study was to determine the association between <italic>Schistosoma mansoni (S. mansoni)</italic> and <italic>Plasmodium falciparum (P. falciparum)</italic> infection intensities among school age children living along the Albert Nile. Methods A cross sectional study of 210 children aged 10–15 years, was conducted in selected sites along the Albert Nile in Pakwach District in northwest Uganda. The Circulating Anodic Antigen (CAA) test and quantitative PCR (qPCR) were used to test for <italic>S. mansoni</italic> infection intensity and quantitative PCR used to test for <italic>P. falciparum</italic> infection intensity. Results Of the 210 study particpants, 76.2% (160/210) were malaria positive whereas 91% (191/210) were <italic>S. mansoni</italic> positive. There were only 1% (3/210) infections of each of <italic>Necator americanus</italic> and <italic>Strongyloides stercolaris</italic>. Of the <italic>P. falciparum</italic> positive children 57.5% (92/160) were male; on the other hand 53.4% (102/191) of the <italic>S. mansoni</italic> positive children were male. Overall, 150 of the 210 children tested (71%) had co-infection with both <italic>P. falciparum</italic> and <italic>S. mansoni</italic>. There was a significant association (p-value = 7.306e-10, r<sup>2</sup> = 0.17) between <italic>P. falciparum</italic> qPCR Ct-value and <italic>S. mansoni</italic> qPCR Ct-value. There was a significant association (p-value = 7.306e-10, r<sup>2</sup> = 0.17) between <italic>P. falciparum</italic> intensity (qPCR Ct-value) and <italic>S. mansoni</italic> intensity <italic>(</italic>qPCR Ct-value) among the children test. Conclusions By molecular detection, this study observed a high prevalence of <italic>P. falciparum</italic> among the school age children (10–15 years) living in the <italic>S. mansoni</italic> endemic hotspots along the Albert-Nile region of Pakwach district, northwestern Uganda.
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DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4318753/v1
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