Salivary Biomarkers and Bacteria in a Moroccan Periodontitis Population

Abstract

The new concept in the pathogenesis of periodontitis highlights a strong immune involvement in the presence of virulent bacteria. The aim of this work is to assess the association of selected biomarkers in saliva and gingival crevicular fluid with periodontal clinical parameters. 32 subjects seeking periodontal treatment and 20 healthy subjects were recruited for the study. A full mouth periodontal examination was performed and unstimulated saliva and subgingival plaque samples were collected. The concentrations of the following cytokines were measured: matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP8), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 using the Sandwich ELISA technical. For bacteria, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans clone JP2 clone and non JP2, Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) and eubacteria were analysed from saliva and gingival fluid using qPCR. The study was approval by the Ethics Committee for Biomedical Research (N°62/18). For data analysis, the method of ANOVA Chi Square and Student's t-test were used. There were significant differences in Aa JP2 and Pg in the saliva of periodontitis patients compared to the control group. In the gingival fluid of the affected sites, Pg showed a strong positive correlation. For inflammatory mediators, IL-1β, IL-6 and MMP-8 levels were significantly higher in periodontitis patients (p<0.05). However, no significant difference was found for the IL-10. Salivary and subgingival biomarkers reflect the imbalance of the subgingival biofilm. Detection of specific inflammatory biomarker sand pathogenic bacteria could allow early identification and screening for susceptible patients and could help for recurrence interception during the follow up of the treated patient