article · Metals and Materials International
Titanium-molybdenum alloys are increasingly considered for biomedical applications because of their non-toxicity, reasonable cost, and advantageous properties. This research examines Ti-12Mo-6Zr and Ti-15Mo-6Zr ternary alloys synthesised using elemental blend and mechanical alloying routes. Thermodynamic calculations and CALPHAD analysis demonstrate that adding zirconium increases lattice distortion to enhance strength, whilst adding molybdenum reduces enthalpy, which promotes mixing and solid solution formation. Characterisation of sintered samples revealed that the Ti-15Mo-6Zr alloy produced via mechanical alloying, milled for six hours at 300 rpm, compacted at 600 MPa, and sintered at 1250 degrees Celsius, delivered the best overall performance. It achieved high compressive strength, increased hardness, and the lowest wear and corrosion rates. These improvements stem from solid solution strengthening, relative density, and the dispersion and precipitation strengthening of the alpha phase.
Metals used in medical implants must withstand bodily stress without degrading or releasing toxic elements. By combining titanium with molybdenum and zirconium through powder metallurgy techniques, this work demonstrates how to produce stronger, highly wear-resistant, and corrosion-resistant materials suitable for implant applications, potentially improving the longevity and reliability of orthopaedic and dental devices.
The findings are relevant to biomedical device manufacturers and materials engineers developing metallic surgical and dental implants. Given that the work evaluates laboratory-scale alloy synthesis, microstructure, and bench mechanical testing, the technology is at an early experimental stage and requires further biological, in vivo, and scaled manufacturing validation before commercial deployment.
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Abstract The utilization of Ti–Mo alloys in biomedical applications has gained attention for use in biomedical applications owing to their non-toxicity, reasonable cost, and favorable properties. In the present study, Ti–12Mo–6Zr and Ti–15Mo–6Zr alloys were prepared using elemental blend and mechanical alloying techniques. The effect of alloying elements Mo and Zr of Ti–Mo alloy, as well as the effect of fabrication techniques of Ti–Mo–Zr trinary alloys, were investigated. Thermodynamic calculations supported by CALPHAD analysis revealed that the addition of Zr increases lattice distortion, which contributes to enhancing the strength. Conversely, adding Mo decreases the enthalpy, facilitating improved mixing and solid solution formation. The as-sintered samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, optical microscope, and scanning electron microscopy, and their microhardness, compressive, and corrosion behavior were investigated. Among all the investigated alloys, Ti–15Mo–6Zr alloy prepared by the mechanical alloying technique, milled for six hours at 300 rpm, compacted at 600 MPa, and sintered at 1250 ℃, shows good comprehensive mechanical properties with a preferable compressive strength (− 1710 MPa) and hardness (396 HV5), as well as the lowest wear rate (0.69%) and corrosion rate (0.557 × 10 –3 mm/year). This can be related to the solid solution strengthening and relative density, together with dispersion and precipitation strengthening of the α phase. Remarkably, the combination of high mechanical and corrosion properties can be achieved by tailoring the content of the α phase, controlling the density, and providing new fabricating techniques for β Ti alloys. Graphical Abstract
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DOI: 10.1007/s12540-024-01813-7
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