Role of Low Environmental Temperature in Peptic Ulcer Development

Abstract

Peptic ulcers are described as acid-induced lesions found in the stomach and duodenum caused bythe imbalance between the defending factors of the mucosa and the attacking factors such ashydrochloric acid in gastric juice, with Helicobacter Pylori (H. Pylori) and Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs NSAIDs. They exhibit seasonal patterns in their occurrence, with higheroccurrence in winter and spring and a low occurrence in summer. Temperature plays a major role intheir occurrence, some of which have resulted in increased morbidity in some number of diseases,such as gastrointestinal bleeding, caused by an increase in air pressure, dry air (relative humidity)occurring from cold air, and also its actions on the protective effect helicobacter pylori in the humanbody. Their actions excite the adrenal gland marrow and the sympathetic nerve, causing rapidsecretion of adrenaline and non-adrenaline, angiotensin II and endothelin, resulting in damage tothe mucosa epithelial, caused by the contraction effect of the adrenal agents on the duodenalmucosa and blood vessel. It causes low expression of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR),Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF), Heat Shock Protein (HSP) 70, Occludin, Nitric Oxide Synthase(NOS), in the gastric mucosa, in extremely cold temperature than those in extremely hottemperature, increasing the gastric acid secretion in extremely cold temperature than in extremelyhot temperature. Therefore, this review aims to give general insight into the role of low temperaturein peptic ulcer development and further consideration in the treatment of peptic ulcer diseases.