Role of Daucus carota Ethanol Leaf Extract in Ameliorating Cadmium-Induced Oxidative Stress in Testes of Adult Wistar Rats

Abstract

Background and Objective. Cadmium remains the most pervasive and toxic pollutants which interferes with the endocrine function of the testes, thereby affecting testosterone synthesis, which is critical for maintaining male reproductive systems. This study investigated the role of Daucus carota ethanol leaf extract (DCELE) on cadmium induced toxicity in testicular cells of wistar rats. Methods: Forty (40) adult male Wistar rats weighing 145-178kg were randomly divided into five groups (n= 8). Group A (control) received normal rat feed and water ad libitum. Group B received single dose of 8mg/kg body weight cadmium chloride (CdCl2 only. Group C received 8mg/kg CdCl2 and a dose of 100mg/kg of DCELE. Group D received 8mg/kg body weight of CdCl2 and 200mg/kg of DCELE. Group E received 8mg/kg body weight of CdCl2 and 400mg/kg of DCELE twice daily. All treatments were administered through oral gavage for 28 days. Blood sample was collected using retro-orbital venous plexus puncture before sacrifice by cervical dislocation, for biochemical analysis Results: Cadmium exposure significantly increased oxidative stress by increasing MDA and ROS while decreasing SOD, CAT and testosterone levels. Treatment with DCELE improved antioxidant enzyme activity and reduced lipid peroxidation, with DCELE co-treatment restoring SOD, CAT and testosterone level, reducing testicular oxidative stress and demonstrated improved testicular integrity. Results revealed that cadmium exposure when compared to control groups A is significant (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Cadmium exposure significantly lowered antioxidant defense capacity and decreased circulating levels of testosterone. The DCELE could be a treatment strategy for individuals at risk of cadmium exposure, and an effective intervention for cadmium-induced toxicity in testicular tissue and potentially improving reproductive health