Road Conditions and Transportation Costs: A Correlational Study in the North-Central Geo-Political Zone of Nigeria

Abstract

Road conditions constitute a critical determinant of transportation efficiency, influencing travel time, vehicle operating costs, and overall economic performance. However, in many regions of Nigeria, particularly the North-Central Geo-Political Zone, deteriorating road infrastructure and increased road roughness continue to escalate transportation costs for agricultural produce, manufactured goods, and commuter travel. This study investigated the correlation between road conditions and transportation costs in the North-Central Geo-Political Zone of Nigeria. A descriptive research design was adopted, utilizing a structured questionnaire administered to 322 respondents comprising farmers, transport operators, traders, and commuters. Using purposive, snowballing and incidental sampling techniques, the responses from all 322 participants were analyzed through Pearson correlation analysis. Findings from the correlation results revealed a strong positive and statistically significant relationship between road roughness and market-related transportation cost factors (r = 0.672; p = 0.000). The study concluded that poor road conditions significantly increase transportation expenses, reduce market accessibility, and negatively affect economic activities across the region. It was therefore recommended that systematic road rehabilitation, increased government investment in transport infrastructure, and routine maintenance interventions be prioritized to reduce transportation costs and enhance the movement of goods and people.