RISK FACTORS AND SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF HYPERTENSION IN WOMEN: DATA FROM EASTERN MOROCCO.

Abstract

Objective: Hypertension (HTN) is a major public health challenge and a leading cause of cardiovascular disease worldwide, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Its prevalence is increasing, fuelled by complex interactions between social determinants, and lifestyle factors. This study aims to determine the prevalence of HTN and explore its associated risk factors and social determinants in women in Eastern Morocco. Design and method: We conducted a multicentre cross-sectional study among individuals attending ten primary healthcare centres over a period of six months from September to December 2024. Data were collected using a structured survey, that included questions on social determinants, the occurrence of HTN, its complications, blood pressure measurements, and potential risk factors for HTN. Results: Our study included 163 women with a mean age of 43.3 ± 13.3 years and a mean BMI of 29.0 ± 6.51 kg/m2. The majority of women are married (70.6%), and unemployed (89%), with 29% being illiterate. HTN frequency was 26.4%. Significant associations were identified between HTN and several social determinants such as the marital status as HTN was more prevalent among widowed individuals (p = 0.003) and those with lower education levels (p < 0.001). Additionally, hypertensive women had higher rates of diabetes (51.6%, p < 0.001) and cardiovascular disease (75.0%, p = 0.004). 61.1% had dyslipidaemia (p < 0.001), and 34.7% had a history of stroke (p = 0.004). Hypertensive women were significantly older (p < 0.001), with a mean age of 54.7 years ± 10.5 and exhibited a significantly higher mean BMI (31.9 ± 7.16 kg/m2). Hypertensive women were significantly more likely to consult their doctor only when sick (32.6%). Conclusions: Our study suggests a high burden of HTN and its associated risk factors and social determinants in women, emphasising the need for improved HTN management strategies and greater awareness for its early detection and treatment.