article · Case Studies in Construction Materials
Ultra-high-performance concrete typically requires substantial quantities of Ordinary Portland cement, resulting in high production costs, natural resource consumption, and significant carbon dioxide emissions. To address these environmental and economic drawbacks, industrial glass waste and agricultural wheat straw ash were evaluated as alternative raw materials. Glass particles served as replacements for fine sand aggregate at proportions of up to one hundred per cent, whilst wheat straw ash substituted for cement at levels up to thirty per cent across twelve experimental mix designs. Incorporating glass particles improved concrete workability and enhanced compressive strength under exposure to temperatures up to two hundred degrees Celsius. A formulation replacing twenty per cent of cement with wheat straw ash without glass aggregate achieved optimum mechanical performance. Furthermore, higher proportions of wheat straw ash consistently reduced drying shrinkage across the evaluated mixtures.
Conventional ultra-high-performance concrete relies heavily on Portland cement, driving up costs and carbon emissions. Integrating agricultural wheat straw ash and recycled glass waste into concrete mixtures offers a route to lower the environmental footprint of construction materials. This approach reduces landfill waste and natural resource depletion while maintaining structural strength and stability under thermal stress.
This research could enable concrete manufacturers and precast structural component producers to substitute costly cement and virgin sand with abundant agricultural and industrial wastes. The findings reflect applied laboratory research, having tested twelve specific mixture formulations for workability, strength, and thermal tolerance. Transitioning to real-world use would require scaling up beyond laboratory batches and validating performance across variable commercial waste supplies.
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Today, recycling and the use of eco-friendly construction supplies are major concerns for the environment. Concrete is frequently utilized in the engineering and construction sectors. In the past several decades, ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC), characterized by very high mechanical qualities, has emerged as one of the most popular types of concrete. Huge quantities of Ordinary Portland cement (OPC) are often utilized; this increases the price of UHPC, limits its widespread usage in structural applications, produces a substantial quantity of carbon dioxide, and uses a sizable amount of natural resources. It is recommended that other additives be used in lieu of OPC in concrete preparation and that recycled aggregates from a variety of sources be used in place of natural aggregates to make UHPC production more environmentally friendly and economically feasible. This study combines industrial and agricultural waste to create an affordable and sustainable UHPC. For example, glass particles (GP) as a manufacturing byproduct generated by glass waste (GW) are utilized as an alternative for fine aggregate "sand (S)" with substitution ratios of 0 %, 50 %, and 100 %, while wheat straw ash (WSA), as an agricultural byproduct, is utilized as an OPC substitute at varying substitution ratios 0 %, 10 %, 20 %, and 30 %. We conducted and analyzed experiments with 12 mixtures divided into three groups. Several factors are studied, including slump flow, mechanical characteristics, drying shrinkage, high temperature, and microstructural features. Based on the obtained outcomes, boosting the percentage of GP utilized to substitute the S made it more workable. In addition, replacing 20 % of the OPC with WSA and 0 % of the S with GP yielded the best results in terms of mechanical characteristics. Increasing the WSA replacement rate while fixing GP to S substitution level significantly reduced drying shrinkage values. Lastly, the compressive strength ( f c ) findings of UHPC structural components exposed to elevated temperatures up to 200 °C were enhanced using GP as a replacement for S. In brief, the results of this experimental investigation can contribute well to illustrating the effect of utilizing GP and WSA to manufacture sustainable ultra-high-performance concrete.
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DOI: 10.1016/j.cscm.2023.e02323
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