RETRACTED: Sine cosine optimization and balloon effect for adaptive load frequency control in microgrids with consirning of controlled loads

Abstract

It is important to put in place a reliable, effective, and flexible load frequency controller in order to guarantee stability in the microgrids (µGs). This paper presents an adaptive load frequency control (LFC) for an isolated µG with electric vehicles (EVs) and heat pump water heater (HPWH) systems. This adaptive control utilizes the balloon effect (BE) identification technique along with the sine cosine optimization (SCO) algorithm. The control system formulates the LFC process into an optimization problem that accommodates various random circumstances during control. With its unique use of the SCO + BE approach for adaptive LFC application, the recommended control technique produces a highly effective response. The efficacy of the suggested adaptive controller is evaluated *under conditions with a changing load of 17 MW and uncertainties in system parameters. A MATLAB Simulink-based digital testing environment is used to validate the results. According to the simulation results, the proposed adaptive controller effectively stabilizes the frequency and power in an islanded µG. A comparative study is conducted between the suggested control method and other strategies (e.g., Jaya-based adaptive controller and conventional integral controller) to gauge its effectiveness. Additionally, the positive impact of controlled loads, such as EVs and HPWHs, on system stability is demonstrated.