RETRACTED: Mitochondrial Dynamics Regulators in Cancer Metabolism and Progression

Abstract

Mitochondrial dynamics, encompassing fusion and fission processes, are crucial to cancer’s metabolic adaptation and progression. This review explores the intricate relationship between mitochondrial function and tumor biology, emphasizing the significance of mitochondria as central regulators of cellular metabolism and signaling. We discuss the dual role of the reactive oxygen species produced by mitochondria in facilitating tumor growth and mediating oxidative stress, which can result in cell damage. The balance between mitochondrial fusion mediated by proteins such as mitofusins (MFN1, MFN2) and OPA1 and fission regulated by dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1) is critical for maintaining mitochondrial integrity and cellular homeostasis in the face of metabolic demands and environmental stressors. Furthermore, we highlight how alterations in mitochondrial dynamics are associated with cancer cell proliferation, survival, and resistance to therapy, particularly under hypoxic conditions prevalent in the tumor microenvironment. By elucidating the mechanisms underlying mitochondrial dynamics in cancer, this review aims to provide insights that could lead to innovative therapeutic strategies targeting mitochondrial functions to improve cancer treatment outcomes. Mitochondrial dynamics play a crucial role in cancer. Changes in mitochondrial fission and fusion and the regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis can influence treatment outcomes. Meanwhile, healthy cells support tumor growth by transferring mitochondria and aiding energy production and organelle repair. Additionally, mitophagy interferes with chemotherapy by eliminating damaged mitochondria.