Reservoir Rock Discrimination Based on Integrated Image Logs and Petrographic Analysis: A Case Study from the Early Miocene Nukhul Carbonate, Southern Gulf of Suez, Egypt

Abstract

Abstract The discrimination of rock types within the limestones and dolostones of the Nukhul Formation in the West Younis Field (Gulf of Suez Basin, Egypt) presents significant challenges due to their multi-scale compositional and diagenetic heterogeneity, diverse pore types, complex microstructures, and limited core data. This study aims to characterize the carbonate reservoir of the Early Miocene sediments and establish distinct reservoir rock types by employing textural analysis, geological interpretations (i.e., structural interpretation, fracture analysis, reservoir characteristics) using advanced imaging tools, and petrophysical measurements to model porosity/permeability profiles across the reservoir. A new dataset was obtained from the latest exploratory well in the West Younis Field, incorporating microresistivity and acoustic image logs, well logs, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) tools, and drill cutting petrographic analysis. The integration of these datasets provided a comprehensive understanding of the properties of the Early Miocene carbonate reservoir. Based on image logs, the carbonate facies were divided into four reservoir units. Petrographic evaluation further classified two facies (A and B) based on diagenetic factors controlling reservoir quality. The results revealed the occurrence of multiple phases of dolomitization, which influenced the reservoir quality. Early-stage dolomitization enhanced reservoir quality, while late-stage idiotopic dolomite crystal growth diminished it. The study also provided comprehensive information on the original rock fabric/texture, diagenetic processes, porosity types and origins, as well as the spatial distribution of pores (permeability index) within this complex carbonate reservoir. By employing an integrated technique, this study successfully differentiated the carbonate reservoir into distinct rock types, leading to improved reservoir characterization and field development. Additionally, the findings contribute valuable insights for the development and exploration of the Early Miocene carbonate section in the southern Gulf of Suez.