Renoprotective Effect of Chrysin-Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles on Acute Kidney Injury Induced by Gentamicin in Rats

Abstract

Introduction: Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) induced by Gentamicin (GM) is a major clinical concern due to oxidative stress, inflammation, and tubular damage. This study investigated the nephroprotective potential of Chrysin-Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles (CCNPs) against GMinduced AKI in rats. Methods: Animals were divided into five groups: control, GM-intraperitonially induced (100 mg/kg), AKI, GM + chrysin (Chr) (100 mg/kg), GM + chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs) (60 mg/kg), and GM + CCNPs (60 mg/kg). Results: The CCNPs treatment group demonstrated significant reductions in serum creatinine, urea, uric acid, calcium, and phosphorus levels compared to the GM group, as the antioxidant system was effectively restored, with decreased Malondialdehyde (MDA) and Nitric Oxide (NO), and increased Glutathione (GSH) concentration and Catalase (CAT) activity. Histopathological analysis revealed that CCNPs preserved renal architecture, preventing glomerular hypertrophy and tubular damage. Immunohistochemical findings showed significantly reduced TNF-α expression, enhanced Bcl2 anti- apoptotic activity, and diminished fibrosis compared to the GM-damaged group. Discussion: These results demonstrate that CCNPs effectively protect against GM-induced nephrotoxicity by improving renal function, reducing oxidative stress, suppressing inflammation and apoptosis, and preventing structural kidney damage. Conclusion: Nanoencapsulation offers a superior therapeutic approach compared to individual components, likely due to enhanced bioavailability and targeted delivery. This study highlights CCNPs as a promising therapeutic strategy for GM-induced AKI.