article · Waste Management Bulletin
Lupine seeds and pumpkin seed shells can serve as effective adsorbents to remove Methylene blue dye from contaminated wastewater. Testing across various solution acidity levels, contact durations, and material dosages identified the most effective removal conditions at pH 8.0 after 120 minutes of contact time. Experimental data corresponds closely with the Langmuir model, yielding maximum monolayer adsorption capacities of 77.48 milligrams per gram for lupine seed biomass and 48.98 milligrams per gram for pumpkin seed shells. Kinetic modelling indicates that physisorption dominated by interfacial diffusion drives the process. Lupine seed material demonstrated superior adsorption capacity compared to pumpkin seed shells, despite possessing a considerably smaller surface area. Overall adsorption is controlled by both surface sorption and intraparticle diffusion, aided by electrostatic interactions and micropore filling.
Contamination from synthetic dyes poses severe risks to aquatic environments and water supplies. Utilising agricultural waste materials like lupine seeds and pumpkin shells offers an accessible, low-cost approach to water purification. Clarifying the physical and chemical mechanics behind these plant-derived adsorbents helps advance practical, bio-based methods for stripping harmful chemical residues from wastewater.
This work points toward bio-based filtration media for wastewater treatment facilities handling cationic dyes. Potential users include industrial effluent treatment managers seeking inexpensive alternatives to synthetic adsorbents. Because the abstract details only laboratory batch experiments assessing parameters such as pH, duration, and mass, the application remains at an early stage of research, requiring pilot-scale testing before any practical deployment.
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In this study, lupine seed (Lu-SP) and pumpkin seed shells (PSSP) biomasses were used to create alternative and effective adsorbents. Methylene blue dye was removed from wastewater using the as-prepared adsorbents at variables solution pH 2.0 –11.0, contact period (0–180 min), and adsorbent mass (0.2–2.0 g/L). The solution pH had a synergistic effect on the improved removal of MB and the optimal adsorption removal for both adsorbents occurred at pH 8.0 and 120 min. The adsorption isotherm modelling results showed a good fit with the Langmuir model, with a maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of 48.98 and 77.48 mg/g for PSSP and Lu-SP, respectively. Similarly, the pseudo-first-order (PFO) model is regarded as the best-fit kinetic model for both adsorbents and suggests the predominance of physisorption via interfacial diffusion. Mechanistic investigation of the present system suggests that both intraparticle diffusion and surface sorption mechanisms control the adsorption rate. Notably, the Lu-SP with a lower surface area (54.013 m2/g) outperformed the PSSP (235.992 m2/g) in terms of adsorption capacity under varying pH. Therefore, in addition to electrostatic interaction, adsorption into the micropores via volume filling is considered one of the adsorption mechanisms. This study, therefore, revealed that the PSSP and Lu-SP may be very helpful for removing cationic MB dye from contaminated wastewater.
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DOI: 10.1016/j.wmb.2024.05.003
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