article · Adsorption Science & Technology
Ammonium pollution presents serious environmental risks, especially within fish-farming environments. At the same time, millions of tonnes of rice straw are discarded globally as agricultural waste. Converting this waste material into modified biochar through physical and chemical processes provides a functional solution for water treatment. In laboratory evaluations, the removal efficiency and adsorption capacity of the rice straw biochar increased consistently with rising temperatures at a constant pH of 7.5. Specifically, ammonium removal rose from 43 per cent at 25 degrees Celsius to 69.5 per cent at 45 degrees Celsius, with peak adsorption capacity reaching 4.5 milligrams per gram. The adsorption mechanism adhered to pseudo-second-order kinetics alongside both Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm models. These findings characterise how temperature, contact time, adsorbent dosage, and initial concentration dictate ammonium uptake.
Ammonium contamination poses critical hazards to aquatic ecosystems and aquaculture operations. Simultaneously, vast volumes of rice straw accumulate worldwide without productive use. Demonstrating that modified crop residue can extract harmful ammonium from water provides a dual benefit: repurposing agricultural waste while addressing nutrient pollution in fisheries and broader aquatic systems.
The work targets ammonium treatment for fisheries and fish farms by converting abundant agricultural waste into an adsorbent. Prospective users include aquaculture operators seeking low-cost water remediation media. Because the presented findings are restricted to laboratory-scale kinetic and isotherm measurements under controlled temperatures and pH, the technology represents early-stage research that requires further validation in active fish farming environments.
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Ammonium is a water pollutant that harms the environment, particularly fisheries. Rice straw is also an economic waste of rice, with millions of tons produced per year around the world. In this paper, physical and chemical procedures for the modification of rice straw were studied. The kinetic and isothermal adsorption trends were investigated, including the ammonium removal efficiency, the contact time of the adsorbent, the amount of adsorbent, and the initial concentration of NH 4 + . The effect of temperature and pH on the adsorption process was discussed. The removal efficiency of NH 4 + recorded 43, 53.7, and 69.5%, with maximum adsorption values of 2.9, 3.5, and 4.5 mg/g at temperatures of 25 ± 5, 35 ± 5, and 45 ± 5°C, respectively, at pH 7.5. The biochar obtained from rice follows the pseudo-second-order equation for ammonium adsorption kinetics (R 2 = 0.98). The adsorption isotherm follows Freundlich’s model (R 2 = 0.99) and Langmuir’s model (R 2 = 0.98).
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DOI: 10.1177/0263617418768944
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