review · Gait & Posture
Most included articles focus on validity against the gold standard, while limited evidence makes it challenging to determine reliability. OpenCap demonstrated an MAE of 4.1° for 3D joint angles, but higher errors in rotational angles require further validation. OpenPose demonstrated ICCs of 0.89-0.994 for spatiotemporal parameters and MAE < 5.2° for 2D hip and knee joint angles in the sagittal plane (ICCs = 0.67-0.92, CCCs = 0.83-0.979), but ankle kinematics exhibited poor accuracy (ICCs = 0.37-0.57, MAEs = 3.1°-9.77°, CCCs = 0.51-0.936). PEA accuracy depends on camera settings, backbone architecture, and training datasets. This study reviews the accuracy of PEA-based gait analysis systems, supporting future research in gait-related clinical applications of PEA.
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DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2025.04.016
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