article · International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology
Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) resin is widely used in denture bases, but its performance can be enhanced using nanomaterials. Nanocomposites comprising PMMA and zinc oxide (ZnO) were prepared through the in situ curing of methyl methacrylate and PMMA in the presence of various ZnO nanostructured materials differing in shape and quantity. Comprehensive testing evaluated the composition, structure, morphology, and thermal behaviour of the resulting composites, alongside their mechanical performance, specifically hardness, impact strength, and flexural strength. The incorporation of nano-sized ZnO particles into the polymer matrix improved both the mechanical and thermal properties of the denture base materials. Morphological variations of the nanomaterials influenced these gains differently: the addition of ZnO nanotubes resulted in a marked enhancement in impact strength, whereas the incorporation of ZnO nanospheres proved most effective for improving flexural strength.
Denture base materials require sufficient strength to withstand daily wear and physical stresses during use. By demonstrating that specific zinc oxide nanostructures can reinforce polymethyl methacrylate resins, this research shows how tailoring nanoparticle shapes can selectively enhance critical mechanical and thermal characteristics. Such material modifications offer a route towards producing more durable, fracture-resistant dental prosthetics.
This work is relevant to dental material manufacturers and dental laboratories seeking to produce more resilient acrylic denture bases. The findings represent early-stage laboratory synthesis and mechanical characterisation. Commercial translation would require subsequent biocompatibility assessments, clinical trials, and manufacturing standardisation before these reinforced resin formulations could be deployed in routine dental device fabrication.
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Abstract Polymethyl methacrylate‐zinc oxide ( PMMA /ZnO) nanocomposites with different ZnO morphology and quantities were prepared by in situ curing of MMA / PMMA used in denture base material in the presence of ZnO nanostructured materials. The composition, structure, and morphology of the nanocomposites were characterized by Fourier‐Transform infrared spectra ( FT ‐ IR ), X‐ray diffraction ( XRD ), transmission electron microscopy ( TEM ), scanning electron microscopy ( SEM ), and thermogravimetric analysis ( TGA ). The effect of ZnO morphology and contents on the mechanical properties including impact, flexural, and hardness was studied. The results demonstrated that the mechanical and thermal properties of denture base materials were improved by incorporation of nano‐sized ZnO into the polymethyl methacrylate matrix. The impact strength was highly improved upon using ZnO nanotubes. However, the flexural strength was improved using ZnO nanospheres.
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DOI: 10.1111/ijac.12802
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