Reducing the levels of indoxyl sulfate in patients undergoing dialysis: a promising approach to managing inflammation and the redox state of human serum albumin

Abstract

<0.0001) at 8 and 16 weeks. These associations strengthened over time. The results of this study suggest that IS levels may be a therapeutic target for improving outcomes in patients with CKD by improving renal function, inflammation, and oxidative stress. More research is needed to understand how IS contributes to CKD complications.