Reducing Cement’s Carbon Footprint through Local Glass Waste: The Case of Moroccan Glass Powder

Abstract

Abstract The cement industry accounts for 7–8% of global CO 2 emissions, mainly due to its energy-intensive production and high clinker content. In response to environmental concerns, the development of low-carbon construction materials has become a major research priority. One effective approach is the use of supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) to partially replace Portland cement while maintaining material performance. This study evaluates the potential of Moroccan glass powder (MGP), derived from local waste, as an SCM in cement-based composites. MGP was used at replacement levels of 10%, 15%, 20%, and 30%, and its influence on physical, thermal, and mechanical properties was investigated. Physical tests included density and water absorption. Thermal conductivity was assessed using the Hot Disk method, and mechanical strength was measured after 7 and 90 days. Results were compared to ASTM C270-03 standards for masonry applications. Findings indicate that MGP can reduce clinker demand and enhance sustainability by valorizing local glass waste, with performance outcomes varying by replacement percentage. The study highlights MGP’s potential as a viable SCM for eco-friendly and resource-efficient construction.