review · Catalysts
Palladium nanoparticles possess distinct chemical and physical characteristics that make them useful across energy, sensing, environmental remediation, and medicine. In chemical synthesis, palladium facilitates carbon-carbon bond formation in standard coupling reactions. At the nanoscale, these particles serve as functional materials in fuel cells, hydrogen storage media, and sensors capable of detecting hydrogen gas and non-enzymatic glucose. For environmental treatment, palladium nanoparticles act as catalysts to remove organic pollutants and convert hazardous hexavalent chromium into less harmful trivalent chromium. Furthermore, they demonstrate potent antimicrobial performance by destroying 99.99 percent of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria. Formulated with polyvinylpyrrolidone, they also exhibit targeted anticancer activity against MCF7 human breast cancer cells.
Palladium nanoparticles combine high catalytic efficiency with practical versatility across clean technology and healthcare. Harnessing these properties supports the transition to cleaner hydrogen energy, enhances industrial wastewater treatment for hazardous heavy metals, and provides alternative physical mechanisms to neutralise persistent bacterial infections and malignant cancer cells.
Potential applications span clean energy systems, diagnostic sensors, industrial effluent treatment, and medical therapeutics. Relevant users include sensor developers, fuel cell manufacturers, remediation contractors, and biomedical researchers. Based on the abstract, the underlying technologies range from early-stage to laboratory-tested applications, requiring substantial further development, scale-up, and safety validation prior to commercialisation in clinical or industrial settings.
AI-generated from the published abstract. Always read the original work before citing.
Palladium (Pd), a noble metal, has unique properties for C-C bond formation in reactions such as the Suzuki and Heck reactions. Besides Pd-based complexes, Pd NPs have also attracted significant attention for applications such as fuel cells, hydrogen storage, and sensors for gases such as H2 and non-enzymatic glucose, including catalysis. Additionally, Pd NPs are catalysts in environmental treatment to abstract organic and heavy-metal pollutants such as Cr (VI) by converting them to Cr(III). In terms of biological activity, Pd NPs were found to be active against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, where 99.99% of bacteria were destroyed, while PVP-Pd NPs displayed anticancer activity against human breast cancer MCF7. Hence, in this review, we attempted to cover recent progress in the various applications of Pd NPs with emphasis on their application as sensors and catalysts for energy-related and other applications.
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DOI: 10.3390/catal13101343
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