article · Journal of Science Advanced Materials and Devices
Manganese oxide nanomaterials offer significant promise as electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction in clean energy conversion and storage technologies. Transitioning away from fossil fuels requires sustainable alternatives such as biofuel cells and metal-air batteries, which generate clean electricity without relying on thermal cycles. Central to these devices is an electrochemical reaction that achieves four-electron reduction of oxygen at the air-cathode surface at low overpotential. Various nanostructured manganese oxide materials contribute to this process as biofunctional and electrocatalytic catalysts. Recent developments focus on reaction mechanisms, the introduction of cationic dopants, and the influence of electrolytic media on air-cathode performance. Furthermore, assessing these materials highlights current limitations found in traditional platinum and carbon-supported platinum catalysts, especially regarding charge and electron transfer between biocatalysts and electrodes.
Clean energy technologies like metal-air batteries and biofuel cells provide renewable power without generating greenhouse gases. Improving the chemical reactions that drive these devices is critical to making them practical alternatives to fossil fuels. Nanomaterials based on manganese oxide offer a pathway to design more effective air-cathodes, reducing the dependence on expensive and problematic platinum-based catalysts.
This work informs early-stage research into replacing costly platinum catalysts in microbial fuel cells, bioremediation systems, and metal-air batteries. Prospective users include developers of clean energy storage systems and industrial wastewater treatment cells. Because the abstract outlines a review of mechanisms, dopants, and ongoing technical challenges rather than tested device prototypes, the technology remains at an early, fundamental stage of development.
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In this article, a brief overview of manganese oxide nanomaterials (NMs) potential towards oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) for microbial fuel cell (MFC), bioremediations, and battery applications is discussed. It's known that using non-renewable fossil fuels as a direct energy source causes greenhouse gas emissions. Safe, sustainable and renewable energy sources for biofuel cell (BFC) and metal-air batteries hold considerable potential for clean electrical energy generators without the need for a thermal cycle. In an electrochemical reaction system, the four-electron reduction from molecular oxygen at the air-cathode surface to hydroxide ion or water at a reasonably low overpotential was the ultimate goal of many investigations and plays a vital role in metal-air batteries and fuel cell device systems. Different MnxOy nanostructured materials, from Biofunctional structural catalysts up to their electrocatalytic contributions towards ORR are discussed. Brief descriptions of ORR, principle strategy and mechanism, as well as recent developments of cationic dopants and electrolytic media, effect on the air-cathode surface of manganese oxide nanocatalyst are also discussed. Finally, challenges associated with platinum and carbon support platinum in improving electron and charge transfer between biocatalyst and air-cathode electrode are summarized.
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DOI: 10.1016/j.jsamd.2019.07.001
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