article · Results in Engineering
This review examines research on entropy generation resulting from the flow and heat transfer of composite nanofluids across diverse geometries, such as channels, cavities, and deformed surfaces including stretched sheets, cylinders, and disks. The evaluated materials comprise binary and ternary hybrid nanofluids formed by combining different base fluids with nanoparticles, analysed using numerical methods such as Runge-Kutta, finite difference, finite volume, and finite element techniques. A primary finding is that hybrid nanofluids generate higher entropy levels than single-nanoparticle fluids. Furthermore, increasing the volume fraction of nanoparticles at a constant mass flow rate drives up entropy creation. Higher medium porosity leads to irreversible entropy generation from fluid friction that enhances thermal efficiency relative to magnetic effects. In addition, higher Rayleigh numbers amplify frictional and magnetic entropies significantly more than thermal entropy.
Understanding entropy generation helps engineers design more efficient thermal systems by identifying where and how energy is wasted. Composite nanofluids offer enhanced thermal properties, but their flow causes energy losses through friction, heat transfer, and magnetic forces. Clarifying how geometry and fluid composition influence these factors is vital to ensuring that heat transfer improvements are not cancelled out by irreversible energy losses.
The abstract outlines early-stage, numerical literature on fluid dynamics and thermal efficiency across generic geometries rather than practical implementation. While these findings could eventually assist thermal engineers in designing cooling channels or heat exchangers utilizing composite nanofluids, the abstract does not indicate a clear commercial application pathway or target product.
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The present study analyzes on the reviews carried out by the previous researchers on the entropy generation caused by the flow and heat transfer of several composite nanofluids subject to varieties of geometries under the influence of several constraints of motions. The composite nanofluids include binary hybrid nanofluids and ternary hybrid nanofluids involving disparate base fluids with different suitable nanoparticles. The geometries considered are deformed surfaces (stretched/shrunk sheets, cylinders, and disks), channels and cavities. Several numerical techniques such as Runge-Kutta method and finite element/difference/volume methods are implemented in the investigations. The major and significant outcome of the review analysis is the entropy comparison for different types of nanofluids. Growth of the volume percentage of nanoparticles at a fixed mass flow rate enhances entropy formation. When porosity strength increases, the irreversible entropy production caused by fluid friction results in increased thermal efficiency of certain systems than magnetic entropies. Compared to single nanofluids, hybrid nanofluids display the maximum entropy. With increasing Rayleigh numbers, the frictional and magnetic entropies in composite nanofluids ameliorate significantly than thermal entropy.
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DOI: 10.1016/j.rineng.2024.101980
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