article · Applied Energy
Interest in microgrid systems for urban, residential, and industrial settings is expanding, supported by shared storage technologies that facilitate the uptake of distributed renewable generation and address supply-demand imbalances. Direct current microgrids provide notable benefits over alternating current designs, including enhanced efficiency, improved stability, simpler control, direct compatibility with renewable generation and storage, and an absence of reactive power or synchronisation challenges. However, broader adoption within smart grids requires overcoming technical and socio-economic hurdles. Current research centres on resolving direct current microgrid challenges in operational stability, security, communication, and power quality. Evaluating corresponding control and energy management approaches highlights opportunities to refine these methods to reduce operating costs, curb emissions, and preserve power system safety.
Transitioning urban and industrial infrastructure towards renewable power requires robust, efficient grid architectures. Direct current microgrids offer a streamlined method to integrate renewable generation and storage without the conversion losses and synchronisation difficulties of standard systems. Understanding their control and operational challenges helps planners and engineers build cleaner, more reliable power networks for modern smart cities.
The underlying technology targets urban, residential, and industrial power systems, with relevance for operators seeking to integrate distributed renewables and shared storage. Because the literature focuses on unresolved technical hurdles in security, communications, and power quality alongside developing control strategies, the field remains at the stage of early to applied research. The findings offer guidance for software and control engineers designing future energy management systems.
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Recently, the intent to use microgrid (MG) technology for urban, residential, and industrial applications has significantly increased. Thanks to the integration of shared storage technologies, these power systems allow for higher penetration of distributed renewable generation (DGs) and better mitigation of imbalances between demand and generation. This responds to social and environmental requirements in terms of decarbonizing energy and also contributes to strengthening smart cities. DC (Direct Current) microgrids offer several advantages compared to AC (Alternating Current) type microgrids, like superior efficiency, better control, stability, compatibility with the DC nature of renewables and storage sources, and the absence of reactive and synchronization problems. However, before fully exploiting the potential of microgrids in renewable-powered smart grids, it is necessary to conduct further research and discussion on critical technical and socio-economic challenges. This paper presents a review of the existing state-of-the-art research in DC microgrid development, relevant challenges related to security, communication, power quality, and operation, as well as the appropriate control and energy management strategies to handle them. As control and energy management strategies considerably impact other performance indicators such as operating cost, emissions, and power system safety, this paper offers a perspective on the potential improvement of such management solutions.
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DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.123501
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