article · Advanced Materials Technologies
Conjugated polymers offer attractive properties for energy storage applications, including low-cost processing, molecular tunability, environmental benignity, and high mechanical flexibility. In supercapacitors, polymer-based organic electrode materials exhibit strong electrochemical behaviours. Device performance depends heavily on the nanoscale intrinsic characteristics of the polymers as well as the macroscale morphological features produced by different fabrication methods. The design and synthesis of both p-type and n-type conjugated polymers can be achieved through three primary techniques: electrochemical polymerisation, chemical polymerisation, and in situ polymerisation, each presenting distinct advantages and drawbacks. Evaluating cycling stability, electrochemical performance, and structure-performance relationships provides insight into material limitations. Key hurdles remain before these systems can be successfully deployed, specifically concerning their energy density, operational stability, and requirements for large-scale production.
Supercapacitors are vital for rapid energy delivery, yet developing devices that balance performance with sustainable manufacturing remains difficult. Conjugated polymers present an environmentally benign, flexible alternative for electrodes. Understanding how synthesis methods shape material performance helps guide research toward overcoming persistent bottlenecks in energy density and long-term durability, supporting cleaner and more adaptable energy storage systems.
This work relates to energy storage applications, specifically supercapacitors that could serve energy device manufacturers and electronics developers. The technology appears to be at an early research stage. While conjugated polymers offer advantages in mechanical flexibility and processing costs, viable commercialisation requires resolving notable technical barriers in energy density, cycling stability, and large-scale manufacturing.
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Abstract Conjugated polymers have attracted growing attention for versatile applications in energy storage due to their potential benefits including low‐cost processing, molecular tunability, environmental benignity, and high mechanical flexibility. In particular, polymer‐based organic electrode materials have shown significant progress in supercapacitor (SC) applications with superior electrochemical behaviors. The performances of SCs are closely related to the intrinsic characteristics of different polymers in the nanoscale and the morphological features of the polymer‐based electrode materials obtained by different fabrication techniques in the macroscale. This review summarizes the design and synthesis of both p ‐type and n ‐type conjugated polymers, highlighting the pros and cons of three synthesis techniques: electrochemical polymerization, chemical polymerization, and in situ polymerization. The performances of conjugated polymers in SCs, their cycling stabilities, and structure‐performance relationships are discussed. Moreover, the existing challenges and future directions of polymer‐based SCs are considered with respect to energy density, stability, and large‐scale production to promote commercialization.
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DOI: 10.1002/admt.202300167
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