review · Frontiers in Microbiology
Plants face combined environmental pressures such as drought, salinity, pathogens, and nutrient deficiencies, all of which reduce crop yields and quality. Utilising plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria, which inhabit the rhizosphere, offers a biological approach to enhance crop resilience against these stresses. These beneficial microbes support plant development and stress tolerance by enhancing nutrient solubilisation and acquisition, producing phytohormones, and inducing systemic resistance mechanisms. Multi-omics techniques, encompassing genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, increasingly clarify the intricate molecular pathways and interactions operating between plants and these bacteria under stress conditions. Advancing and applying these microbial strategies, particularly through the commercialisation of PGPR-based bio-formulations, serves as a critical pathway to support sustainable agricultural production and protect global food security amid mounting climate challenges.
Environmental stresses like drought and soil salinity directly threaten crop yields and food security under climate change. Harnessing beneficial soil bacteria provides an eco-friendly pathway to naturally bolster crop defence and nutrient uptake. This approach supports sustainable agriculture by reducing reliance on harmful inputs while maintaining crop productivity in harsher growing environments.
The primary commercial opportunity lies in developing and manufacturing PGPR-based bio-formulations for use by crop growers and agricultural input suppliers. The abstract indicates that the underlying multi-omics and mechanistic research is actively advancing, while the translation into commercial bio-formulations represents an applied pathway requiring continued research and implementation before achieving routine farm-scale use.
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The present crisis at hand revolves around the need to enhance plant resilience to various environmental stresses, including abiotic and biotic stresses, to ensure sustainable agriculture and mitigate the impact of climate change on crop production. One such promising approach is the utilization of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) to mediate plant resilience to these stresses. Plants are constantly exposed to various stress factors, such as drought, salinity, pathogens, and nutrient deficiencies, which can significantly reduce crop yield and quality. The PGPR are beneficial microbes that reside in the rhizosphere of plants and have been shown to positively influence plant growth and stress tolerance through various mechanisms, including nutrient solubilization, phytohormone production, and induction of systemic resistance. The review comprehensively examines the various mechanisms through which PGPR promotes plant resilience, including nutrient acquisition, hormonal regulation, and defense induction, focusing on recent research findings. The advancements made in the field of PGPR-mediated resilience through multi-omics approaches (<i>viz.</i>, genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics) to unravel the intricate interactions between PGPR and plants have been discussed including their molecular pathways involved in stress tolerance. Besides, the review also emphasizes the importance of continued research and implementation of PGPR-based strategies to address the pressing challenges facing global food security including commercialization of PGPR-based bio-formulations for sustainable agricultural.
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DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1214845
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