Recent Advancements and Critical Challenges in Power Electronic Converter Topologies for Electric Vehicle Propulsion Systems and Next-Generation Energy Storage

Abstract

Driven by demanding global emission regulations and the urgent requirements for sustainable mobility, Electric Vehicles (EVs) have emerged as the primary alternative to Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) vehicles. Central to this transition is the electric propulsion system (EPS), a multidisciplinary integration of power electronics, advanced motor drives, and electrochemical energy storage. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the current landscape of power electronic drives, focusing on the evolution of high-efficiency traction motors and next-generation energy storage systems (ESSs), and advancements in ultra-fast chargers. The analysis explores the vital impact of power converters, evaluating recent breakthroughs in wide-bandgap (WBG) semiconductors and advanced control topologies that enhance energy density and thermal management. Furthermore, the study identifies critical challenges in the design, modulation, and operational reliability of converters under dynamic automotive environments. By synthesizing current research trends and technical bottlenecks, this paper offers insights into the future trajectory of power electronics in achieving high-performance, cost-effective, and carbon-neutral transportation.