Readiness for Southern Africa to Employ Forensic Investigative Genetic Genealogy

Abstract

Background: Forensic investigative genetic genealogy (FIGG) has garnered significant interest in solving cold criminal casework and has proven to be the solution to numerous unidentified human remains (UHR). Forensic samples can be subjected to a private genomic database where whole-genome sequencing (WGS) technique to retrieve genome-wide singlenucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotype data is performed. After conducting bioinformatics analysis, the data can be compared with the data of other users on the genomic database to identify distant relatives. Objective: The article aims to explore FIGG in investigating criminal casework and identifying human remains. Moreover, it aims to create awareness among Southern Africans and advocate for a comprehensive approach involving all key stakeholders and practitioners to ensure the ethical and privacy-conscious establishment of FIGG, with a particular focus on Southern Africa. Methods: The study employed a qualitative technique, including a literature scan on FIGG. Interviews were done with various stakeholders, including SAPS detectives, forensic examiners, and overseas specialists. Results: FIGG is gaining popularity in many countries as a supplement to existing investigative tools. It is labour-intensive and requires increased participation of Southern Africans in private genetic genealogy databases. Specific resources and dedication are required before FIGG can be successfully implemented in the region as a routine investigative tool to solve cold cases and identify unidentified human remains. Conclusion: Implementing FIGG in the Southern African region is not imminent but may be considered.