Reactive Oxygen Species in Cancer

Abstract

Reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are extremely bioactive chemicals, have been extensively researched in many forms of cancer. ROS are regarded as typical consequences of several biological processes. Cancer cells generally demonstrate elevated basal levels of ROS in comparison to normal cells due to an imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants. ROS play a dual function in cell metabolism. When present in low to moderate amounts, ROS serve as signal transmitters that trigger cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and angiogenesis. Conversely, elevated quantities of ROS result in harm to proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, membranes, and organelles, ultimately resulting in the demise of cells. Comprehensive research has demonstrated that anticancer treatments that alter levels of ROS. Hence this chapter covers the molecular processes and oncogenic roles that regulate levels of ROS and their relevance in the development of cancer treatment options. It also offer insight into the future advancement of efficient agents that control the redox system for the purpose of treating cancer.