Rate of Different Macular Pathologies Detected by Macular Optical Coherence Tomography before Silicone Oil Removal in Cases of Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment

Abstract

Purpose: To evaluate macular changes by optical coherence tomography (OCT) following pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with silicone oil (SO) tamponade in primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD). Methods: This prospective interventional study included 50 eyes with recent RRD treated at Beni Suef University Hospital. All patients underwent complete ophthalmological examination, PPV with SO tamponade, and OCT (Optovue RTVue 100 XR Avanti) within two weeks and again at three months postoperatively to assess central macular thickness (CMT) and structural changes. Results: Mean CMT decreased significantly from 261.5 ± 22.1 µm at two weeks to 245.1 ± 40.2 µm at three months (P=0.001). OCT findings included focal photoreceptor loss (12%), intraretinal cysts (10%), atrophic maculopathy (12%), attenuated IS/OS junction (4%), epiretinal membrane (6%), cystoid macular edema (4%), and macular hole (4%). Conclusion: PPV with SO tamponade is a safe and effective option for primary RRD, while OCT provides valuable detection of postoperative complications. Larger multicenter studies are needed to confirm these findings.