Quality of Life and Associated Factors Among Stroke Survivors in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Abstract Introduction Stroke remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with survivors often confronting significant physical, psychological, and social challenges. Quality of life (QoL) serves as a crucial indicator of recovery and long-term well-being among stroke survivors. However, little is known about the QoL of stroke survivors in Ethiopia. This study therefore aimed to assess QoL and associated factors among stroke survivors receiving care at specialized governmental hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, in 2025. Methods An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from March 1 to May 1, 2025, among stroke survivors attending outpatient clinics and rehabilitation services at specialized governmental hospitals in Addis Ababa. A systematic random sampling technique was used to recruit 423 participants. Data were collected through interviewer-administered standardized questionnaires, coded, entered into EpiData version 4.7, and analyzed using SPSS version 21. Linear regression models were fitted, with unstandardized β coefficients and 95% confidence intervals (CI) reported. Statistical significance was set at a p-value < 0.05. Result The overall mean QoL score was 11.5 (SD = 2.89), with 44.6% of survivors scoring above the mean across all domains. Domain-specific mean scores were highest for upper extremity function (M = 16.8, SD = 4.99), followed by self-care (M = 14.9, SD = 4.64), social role (M = 14.8, SD = 4.89), and mobility (M = 14.6, SD = 6.97). The lowest score was recorded in the energy domain (M = 6.0, SD = 0.81). In the adjusted model, older age (β = –0.36, 95% CI: –0.51, –0.21), lower educational attainment (β = –0.34, 95% CI: –1.55, –0.26), rural residence (β = –0.57, 95% CI: –1.12, –0.33), depression (β = –0.55, 95% CI: –1.16, –0.35), and the presence of comorbidities (β = –0.67, 95% CI: –1.31, –0.11) were all significantly associated with lower QoL. Conclusion The overall quality of life of stroke survivors in Addis Ababa was poor. The findings underscore the multifactorial nature of post-stroke QoL and point out the need for integrated, patient-centered care. Interventions should prioritize early mental health screening, management of comorbidities, educational support, and improved access to rehabilitation services, particularly for elderly and rural populations, to enhance survivor well-being.