Python-Based Simulation of Rotating MHD Jeffrey Nanofluid Flow over a Permeable Stretching Surface Subject to Hall and Ion Slip Effects

Abstract

This study presents a numerical investigation of the three-dimensional rotating flow of a magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) Jeffrey nanofluid over a permeable stretching surface. The model comprehensively incorporates the effects of Hall and ion slip currents, Coriolis force, nonlinear thermal radiation, viscous dissipation, Joule heating, internal heat generation/absorption, and a first-order chemical reaction. The Buongiorno model is employed to account for Brownian motion and thermophoresis mechanisms in nanoparticle transport. The governing nonlinear partial differential equations are transformed into a system of coupled ordinary differential equations using similarity variables and solved numerically using a high-precision sixth-order Runge–Kutta (RK6) method with a shooting technique, implemented in Python programming. The numerical code is rigorously validated against established benchmark studies, showing excellent agreement. Simulation results, presented graphically and in tables, demonstrate that streamwise velocity increases with Hall and ion slip parameters but decreases with the relaxation parameter. The Nusselt number, quantifying heat transfer, is enhanced by Hall currents and the Prandtl number but suppressed by nonlinear thermal radiation. Conversely, the Sherwood number, representing nanoparticle mass transfer, increases with both the chemical reaction rate and nonlinear thermal radiation. These insights are vital for optimizing the performance of advanced engineering systems, including MHD power generators, nanofluid-based cooling technologies, and materials processing operations.