Psychometric Properties of an Arabic Translation of the Dysfunctional Beliefs and Attitudes About Sleep Scale (DBAS‐16) in a Sample of University Students

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The development and maintenance of sleep habits are significantly influenced by dysfunctional attitudes and perspectives about sleep. There is a paucity of research on sleep issues in Arab environments, which is probably due to a lack of validated and culturally appropriate assessment instruments. An Arabic version of the Dysfunctional Beliefs and Attitudes about Sleep Scale (DBAS-16) will be psychometrically validated in this study using a sample of college students. METHODS: A total of 670 university students (mean age = 20.38 ± 1.97 years; 59.1% female) participated in a cross-sectional study. To ensure semantic equivalency between the original and Arabic forms, the DBAS-16 scale was translated and modified for use in the current study. The translation team made sure to carefully balance the literal and cultural distinctions. To identify and correct any discrepancies, the original and translated English versions were thoroughly compared. Composite reliability was assessed using McDonald's and Cronbach's α, with values greater than 0.70 reflecting adequate composite reliability. Concurrent validity was examined via correlations with psychological distress (PHQ-4). RESULTS: The four-factor and the second order models demonstrated acceptable fit. Measurement invariance was supported at all levels across genders, with no significant difference in DBAS-16 scores between males and females. Higher DBAS-16 total scores were significantly, albeit modestly, associated with higher psychological distress (PHQ-4), providing evidence of concurrent validity. CONCLUSION: The Arabic translation of the DBAS-16 demonstrated a factor structure similar to the original scale, with acceptable internal consistency, reliability, and measurement invariance across genders. The Arabic DBAS-16 may be useful in both research and clinical settings for assessing dysfunctional sleep beliefs in Arabic speaking populations.