Psychological well-being and L1 learning grit among Ghanaian language students in higher education: a PLS-SEM analysis

Abstract

It can be argued that, in the context of indigenous language learning in Ghana, the strongest determinant of students' learning grit is their sense of confidence and positive learning experience. However, emotional stability, overall satisfaction, and social connectedness do not influence grit, and this is attributable to the constant marginalization of indigenous languages in educational domains.