article · Scientific Reports
Cobalt ferrite nanoparticles were synthesised using a co-precipitation technique and subsequently surface-modified with capsaicin derived from Capsicum annuum. Structural analysis revealed that the nanoparticles were spherical, with diameters ranging between 18.0 and 30.0 nanometres and an average size of 25.0 nanometres. Laboratory evaluations demonstrated significant antimicrobial properties against both Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative Escherichia coli, showing higher potency against S. aureus. In addition, the capsaicin-coated nanoparticles served as photocatalysts under ultraviolet irradiation to degrade Fuchsine basic dye in water. Degradation efficiency varied across different pH levels, catalyst doses, and initial dye concentrations. The highest degradation rate reached 94.6 percent at equilibrium when using 20.0 milligrams of the nanocatalyst at pH 9.0. Overall, the modified nanoparticles demonstrated combined capability as antimicrobial agents and photocatalysts for dye removal.
Water contamination from industrial dyes and microbial pathogens presents significant risks to public health and the environment. Nanomaterials that simultaneously break down synthetic dye pollutants and suppress bacterial growth offer a multi-functional approach to water treatment and sanitisation. Demonstrating effective dye degradation alongside antimicrobial action helps advance dual-purpose materials for environmental decontamination and healthcare settings.
The abstract points towards potential medical and environmental applications, such as wastewater treatment and antibacterial treatments. Prospective end users could include environmental remediation services, industrial water treatment operators, and biomedical developers. Because the findings are based on in-vitro bacterial assays and laboratory-scale dye degradation tests under ultraviolet light, this technology remains at an early stage of laboratory research, requiring further development and scaled testing before commercial implementation.
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Abstract In this study, CoFe 2 O 4 nanoparticles were prepared by the co-precipitation method then surface modified with Capsaicin ( Capsicum annuum ssp. ). The virgin CoFe 2 O 4 NPs and Capsaicin-coated CoFe 2 O 4 NPs (CPCF NPs) were characterized by XRD, FTIR, SEM, and TEM. The antimicrobial potential and photocatalytic degradation efficiencies of the prepared samples via Fuchsine basic (FB) were investigated. The results revealed that CoFe 2 O 4 NPs have spherical shapes and their diameter varied from 18.0 to 30.0 nm with an average particle size of 25.0 nm. Antimicrobial activity was tested on Gram-positive ( S. aureus ATCC 52923) and Gram-negative ( E. coli ATCC 52922) by disk diffusion and broth dilution methods to determine the zone of inhibition (ZOI) and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), respectively. UV-assisted photocatalytic degradation of FB was examined. Various parameters affecting the photocatalytic efficiency such as pH, initial concentration of FB, and dose of nanocatalyst were studied. The in-vitro ZOI and MIC results verified that CPCF NPs were more active upon Gram-Positive S. aureus ATCC 52923 (23.0 mm ZOI and 0.625 μg/ml MIC) than Gram-Negative E. coli ATCC 52922 (17.0 mm ZOI and 1.250 μg/ml MIC). Results obtained from the photocatalytic activity indicated that the maximum FB removal achieving 94.6% in equilibrium was observed using 20.0 mg of CPCF NPS at pH 9.0. The synthesized CPCF NPs were effective in the removal of FB and also as potent antimicrobial agent against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria with potential medical and environmental applications.
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DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32323-y
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