Progress in green metal ferrite nanoparticles as photocatalysts for the degradation of dyes

Abstract

The textile industry is the biggest consumer of dyes due to the increased industrialisation. Textile dyes because of their direct and indirect disposal in the water streams has affected the aquatic system and humans. The micro-organisms are affected in-terms of their development causing oxidative stress and humans through the food chain which might lead to foodborne diseases. Several methods have been used to remove these pollutants, hence photocatalysts such as metal ferrites are being investigated. In this review, we focus on plant mediated metal ferrite synthesis in the last decade (2015–2025). The surface, optical and magnetic properties were investigated. The use of these materials as photocatalysts, their modification and toxicity are highlighted. Lastly, the conclusion and future perspective are presented. • Leaves, flowers, seeds have been used for the synthesis of metal ferrites. • Physical, optical, and magnetic properties were highlighted. • Effect of temperature and plant concentration need to be conducted to improve the material properties. • Uses and limitation of metal ferrites as photocatalysts is discussed. • Reusability, trapping, and toxicity studies are recommended to improve activity and safety.